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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER, NY.  MSSO 

(716)  873-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


C 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


Th 
to 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
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0 


D 


D 


n 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couvarture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couvorture  endommag^e 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pellicul^e 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


r~~|    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illust'-ations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

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mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6ti  film^es. 

Additional  comments:/ 
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point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
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□    Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

□    Pages  damaged/ 
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I      I    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


D 


Pages  restauries  et/ou  pelliculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d^color^es,  tachet^es  ou  piqu6es 


Th 
po 
of 
fill 


Or 
be 
th( 
sic 
oti 
fir! 
sic 
or 


□    Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tachdes 

0Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


Transpar 

Quality  ( 

Qualitd  inigale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  disponlble 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I    Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I — I    Only  edition  available/ 


Th 
shi 

Tir 

wh 

Mi 
dif 
eni 
be( 
rigl 
req 
me 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellciment 
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obtenir  la  meillaure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmi  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqud  ci-dessous 

10X                             14X                             18X                             22X 

26X 

30X 

y 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

ro 

Ifitails 
es  du 
modifier 
er  une 
filmage 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
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sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


tes 


L'exemplaire  fiimA  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gAn6rosltA  de: 

La  bibliothdque  des  Archives 
publiques  du  Canada 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6tA  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  netteti  de  l'exemplaire  filmi,  at  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  filmis  en  commengant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmAs  en  commenpant  par  Is 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -^»-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END '), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmds  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  11  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagramnies  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


errata 
to 


I  pelure, 
on  A 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

32X 


irt 


i   ■ 


m 


IjAKE   GEORGE 

■^--  AND 

«.AK2  CHAMPLAIN. 


A 


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GUIDE 


TO 


LAKE    GEORGE, 

LAKE   CHAMPLAIN, 

fWontrcal  antr  €tueiitc, 


WITH    MAPS, 

AND  TABLES  OF  ROUTES  AND  DISTANCES  FROM 
ALBANY,  BURLINGTON,  MONTREAL,  &c. 


BY  Z.  TPIOMPSON, 

Author  of  History  and  Gazetteer  of  Vermont. 


BURLINGTON: 

CHAUNCEY    GOODRICH. 
1845. 


/  9  ^i< 

£ntorod  according  to  act  of  Congress,  in  tho  your  1845;  by 

C  11  A  IJ  N  C  E  Y      GOODRICH, 

in  CIcrk'i  oflico  of  District  Court,  for  tho  District  of  Vermont. 


Routes  from  Albany  and  Troy  to  Montreal, 

THROUGH  LAKE  CHAMPLAIN. 


From  Albany  and  Troy  to  Whitehall  at  the  south 
end  of  Lake  Champlain,  tiiere  are  three  principal 
routes.     Sec  Tables,  "puge  41. 

1st — By  Canal,  through  Mechanicsville,  Fort 
Edward  and  Fort  Anne.  Sec  Champlain  Canal, 
page  10. 

§d. — Through  Lansingburgh,  Easton,  Granville 
&c.  by  Stage. 

3d. — By  way  of  Ballston  and  Saratoga  Springs, 
by  Rail- Road  and  Stage. 

Another  route  to  Lake  Champlain  is  by  way  of 
Saratoga  Springs,  Glens  Falls  and  Lake  George, 
to  Ticonderoga.  See  Table  p.  43. 

The  passage  between  Whitehall  and  St.  Johns, 
through  Lake  Champlain,  is  made  by  Steamboats, 
which  touch  at  the  places  indicated  on  the  map  to 
land  and  receive  passengers.    See  Table  p.  42. 

From  K  .  Johns  the  passage  is  by  Rail-Road,  15 
miles,  to  Laprairie,  and  thence  by  Steamboat,  9 
miles,  to  Montreal. 


Z 


5,  by 
jrmont. 


ireah 


e  south 
rincipal 

le,  Fort 
;  Canalj 

ranvilld 
Springs, 

r  way  of 
George. 

.  Johns, 
imboats, 
e  map  to 
42. 
Road,  15 
mboat,  9 


LAKE  GEORGE. 

Eighteen  miles  from  Saratoga  Springs,  on  tho 
way  to  Lake  George  are  Glens  Falls.  These 
are  a  considerable  curiosity.  Tiie  fall  in  tho 
Hudson  is  about  fifty  feet,  which  affords  a 
vast  amount  of  water  power.  The  Glens  Falls 
Feeder^  11  miles  long,  connects  the  river  above 
the  falls  with  the  Champlain  Canal  near  Sandy 
Hill.  The  road  from  Glens  Falls  to  Caldwell 
at  the  head  of  Lake  George,  passes  near  Bloody 
Pond.  This  is  near  the  place  of  action  between 
Col.  Williams  and  Gen.  Dieskau,  in  1755,  and 
into  this  pond  were  thrown  the  bodies  of  those 
killed  in  the  battle.     Hence  its  name. 

Caldwell  is  delightfully  situated  at  the  south- 
west end  of  the  lake,  and  contains  about  two 
hundred  inbabitants. 

The  Lake  House  at  this  place  is  much  resort- 
ed to  in  summer  by  travellers  and  parties  of 
pleasure.  A  steamboat  plies  regularly  between 
this  place  and  the  outlet  of  the  lake  at  Ticonde- 
rocja.  Near  Caldwell  villao-e  at  tbe  south  end 
of  the  lake  are  the  ruins  of  Fort  Wm.  Henry, 
and  about  a  mile  further  to  the  southeast  ard 
those  of  Fort  George. 


,t . 


LAKE  OKORGC. 


Lake  George  is  so  nearly  connected  with  Lake 
Champlain,  both  locally  and  historically,  as  to 
be  almost  regarded  as  a  part  of  it.  It  was  visited 
by  Champlain,  in  1609,  and  it  might  appear 
doubtful,  from  his  own  statement,  whether  it  was 
not  to  this  lake  that  he  gave  his  own  name.  Suc- 
ceeding French  writers,  hov/ever,  confined  the 
name  of  Champlain  to  the  larger  of  these  lakes, 
and  called  this  Lake  St.  Sacrement  on  account 
of  the  purity  of  its  waters.  The  Indian  name  is 
said  to  have  been  Iloricon.  Mr.  Spafford  in  his 
G3.2etteer  of  N.  Y.  says  that  the  natives  called 
it  Canideri'Oit,  or  the  tail  of  the  lake,  on  account, 
probably,  of  its  connexion  with  Lake  Champlain. 

Lake  George  is  36  miles  long  and  from  2  to  3 
miles  wide,  and  is  elevated  243  feet  above  the 
tide  waters  of  the  Hudson.  The  scenery  around 
this  lake  is  very  much  admired.  The  most  in- 
teresting points  of  view  are  said  to  be  at  Fort 
George,  at  a  place  north  of  Shelving  Rock,  14 
miles,  and  at  Sabbath  Day  Point,  24  miles,  from 
the  head  of  the  lake.  The  last  view  is  taken 
southward  ;  the  others  towards  the  north.  This 
lake  abounds  with  small  and  beautiful  islands, 
among  the  most  important  of  which  are  Diamond 
Island,  Tea  Island  and  Long  Island.  Roger's 
Rock  or  Slide,  and  Anthony's  Nose,  the  former 
on  the  west  and  the  latter  on  the  east  side,  are 
two  precipices  worthy  of  note.  Howe's  Landing, 
just  behind  an  island  at  the  outlet  of  the  lake, 


MASSACRE  AT  FORT  WM.  HENRY. 


5 


•mer 
are 

ake, 


I 


denotes  the  spot  where  the  uiiiortunate  expedi- 
tion of  Abercronibie  landed,  and  derives  its  name 
from  Lord  Howe  who  accomp 


ied  and  fell  in 


that  expedition,  in  1758. 

This  lake  has  been  the  scene  of  several  impor- 
tant battles.  One  which  has  been  generally 
known  as  the  Battle  of  Lake  George^  was  fonght 
at  the  head  of  the  lake  in  1755,  between  the 
French  under  the  Baron  Dieskau  and  the  Eng- 
lish under  Sir  Wm.  Johnson.  Dieskau  attacked 
the  English  in  their  encampment,  but  was  de- 
feated and  slain.  The  loss  of  the  English  was 
130  slain  and  that  of  the  French  about '7U0* 

The  most  shocking  transaction  in  the  vicinity 
of  this  lake,  was  the  Massacre  at  Fort  William 
Henry  in  1757.  A  British  and  provincial  army 
havinor  been  collected  at  Ft.  Edward  and  Ft.  Wm. 
Henry  under  Gen.  Webb  for  the  reduction  of  the 
French  works  on  Lake  Champlain,  the  French 
sent  a  large  army  up  the  lake  under  Gen.  Mont- 
calm for  their  defence.  Gen.  Webb,  then  at  Fort 
Wm.  Henry,  learning  from  Maj.  Putnam  that  this 
force  had  entered  Lake  George,  returned  imme- 
diately to  Fort  Edward,  and  the  day  followincr 
sent  Col.  Munroe  with  his  regiment  to  reinforce 
the  garrison  at  the  lake.  The  day  after  Mun- 
roe's  arrival  the  French  appeared  before  the  fort, 
laid  siege  to  it  and  demanded  its  surrender.  The 

*  See  Thompson's  Vermont,  part  II.  page  8. 


"(  . 


MASSACRE  AT  FORT  WM.  HENRY. 


garrison,  consistinor  of  2500  men,  defended  them- 
selves with  much  bravery  for  several  days,  with 
the  expectation  of  succor  from  Fort  Edward. 
But  as  none  came,  Munroe  was  obliged  on  the 
9th  of  August  to  capitulate.  By  the  articles  of 
capitulation  all  the  public  property  was  to  be  de- 
livered to  Montcalm,  and  the  garrison  were  to 
march  out  with  their  arms  and  baggage,  and  to 
be  escorted  to  Fort  Edward,  on  condition  of  not 
serving  against  the  French  within  the  period  of 
eighteen  months. 

The  garrison  had  no  sooner  marched  out  of 
the  fort,  than  a  scene  of  perfidy  and  barbarity 
commenced,  which  it  is  impossible  for  lan- 
guage to  describe.  Regardless  of  the  articles  of 
capitulation,  the  Indians  attached  to  the  French 
army,  fell  upon  the  defenceless  soldiers,  plun- 
dering and  murdering  all  that  fell  in  their  way. 
The  French  officers  were  idle  spectators  of  this 
bloody  scene  ;  nor  could  all  the  entreaties  of 
Munroe  persuade  them  to  furnish  the  promised 
escort.  On  that  fatal  day  about  1500  of  the  Eng.. 
lish  were  either  murdered  by  the  savages  or 
carried  by  them  into  captivity  never  to  return. 

The  day  following  these  horrid  transactions, 
Major  Putnam  was  despatched  from  Fort  Ed- 
ward with  his  rangers  to  watch  the  motions  of 
the  enemy.  He  reached  Lake  George  just  after 
the  rear  of  the  enemy  had  left  the  shore,  and  the 
scene  which  was  presented  he  describes  as  awful 


LAKE    CHAMPLAIIC. 


hem- 
with 
ward, 
in  the 
les  of 
3e(le- 
ere  to 
md  to 
3f  not 
•iod  of 

out  of 
'barity 
'    lan- 
jles  of 
Vench 
plun- 
way. 
3f  this 
ies  of 
)mised 
3  Eng- 
ores  or 
urn. 
ctions, 
Tt  Ed- 
ions  of 
5t  after 
ndthe 
awful 


M 


* 


"-^ 


indeed. "  The  fort  was  entirely  destroyed  ;  the  bar- 
racks, out-houses  and  buildings  were  a  heap  of 
ruins — the  cannon,  stores,  boats  and  vessels  were 
all  carried  away.  The  fires  were  still  burning — 
the  smoke  and  stench  offensive  and  sufFocatinor. 
Innumerable  fragments  of  human  skulls,  and 
bones  and  carcasses  half  consumed,  were  still 
frying  and  broiling  in  the  decaying  fires.  Dead 
bodies,  mangled  with  scalping  knives  and  toma- 
hawks, in  all  the  wantonness  of  Indian  barbarity, 
were  every  where  to  be  seen.  More  than  100 
women,  butchered  and  schockingly  mangled,  lay 
upon  the  ground  still  weltering  in  their  gore. 
Devastation,  barbarity  and  horror  every  where 
appeared  ;  and  the  spectacle  presented  was  too 
diabolical  and  awful  either  to  be  endured  or  de- 
ecribed." 


LAKE  CHAMPLAIN. 

This  Lake,  on  account  of  the  beauty  and  vari- 
ety of  its  scenery  and  its  historical  incidents,  is 
one  of  the  most  interesting  bodies  of  water  in 
North  America.  It  was  discovered  by  Samuel 
Champlain,  on  the  4th  of  July  1609.  Having  foun- 
ded the  colony  of  Quebec  in  1608,  in  June,  1609t 
Champlain  with  a  number  of  French  and  Indians, 
proceeded,  in  a  shallop,  up  the  St.  Lawrence  and 
river  Iroquois,  now  Richelieu,  till  stopped  by  the 


LAKE  CHAMPLAFN  DISCOVERED. 


Chambly  rapids.  From  this  place  he  determined 
to  proceed  in  Indian  canoes,  but  the  Frenchmen 
manifested  sfreat  reluctance  and  only  two  could 
be  persuaded  to  accompany  him.  With  these  and 
about  60  of  the  natives,  havincr  transported  their 
canoes  by  the  rapids,  he  embarked,  on  the  2d  of 
July,  and,  proceedino-  southward,  on  the  4th  July 
entered  the  lake.  Champlain  and  his  party  pro- 
ceeded along  the  west  shore,  advancing-  by  water 
during  the  night  and  retiring  into  the  forests  by 
day,  to  avoid  being  discovered  by  the  Iroquois, 
between  whom  and  the  Canada  Indians  a  war 
v^ras  then  carried  on.  As  they  drew  near  the  ene- 
my's country  they  proceeded  with  great  caution, 
but,  on  the  29th  of  July,  in  the  evening,  they 
fell  in  with  a  large  war  party  of  the  Iroquois.  Both 
parties  drew  up  to  the  shore,  and  the  night  was 
Gpont  in  preparation  for  battle,  and  in  singing 
and  taunting  each  other.  In  the  morning  an  en- 
gagement took  place,  but  the  Frenchmen  being 
armed  w-ith  muskets,  it  was  decided  in  favor  of 
(^'hamplain  and  his  party,  a  large  number  of  the 
Iroquois  being  slain  and  several  taken  prisoners. 
With  these  they  returned  immediately  to  their 
shallop.  Champlain  says  that  this  battle  was 
fought  in  Lat.  43^  and  some  minutes,  dhd  the 
place  is  supposed  to  have  been  on  the  west  shore 
of  Lake  George.  The  present  name  of  Lake 
Champlain  w^as  given  by  its  discoverer  during 
his  first  visit,  as  he  informs  us  in  his  Journal. 


LAKE  CHAMPLAIN — NAME, 


0 


rmiiied 

chmen 

D  could 

Bse  and 

kI  their 

le  2d  of 

th  July 

•ty  pro- 

^  water 

•ests  by 

•oquois, 

3  a  war 

lie  ene- 

iaution, 

n*,  they 

s.  Both 

•ht  was 

sincjins: 

an  en- 

beincT 

avor  of 

of  the 

soners. 

'o  their 

le  was 

hd  the 

ill  shore 

F  Lake 

during 

ournal. 


■4 


He  was  not  drowned  in  its  waters,  as  has  been 
sometimes  said,  but  died  at  Quebec  in  1G35.  One 
of  the  Indian  names  of  this  lake  was  Petaicd- 
bouqiie,  signifying  alternate  land  and  water,  in 
allusion  to  the  numerous  islands  and  projecting 
points  of  land.  Another  is  said  to  have  been 
Caniaderi-Guaruntc^  signifying  the  mouth,  or 
door  of  the  country.  If  so  it  was  very  appro- 
priate, as  it  forms  the  gate-way  between  the 
country  on  the  St.  Lawrence  and  that  on  the 
Hudson.  In  more  recent  times  the  Indians  called 
it  Corlear  in  honor  of  a  Dutchman,  who  saved  a 
war  party  of  Canada  Indians  from  being  de- 
stroyed by  the  Mohawks  in  lGo5. 

Extent.  Lake  Champlaiii  is  usually  regarded 
as  extending  from  Whitehall  to  St.  Johns,  being 
120  miles  in  a  right  line  from  south  to  north. — 
Sometimes  it  is  rci^arded  as  torniinatinor  towards 
the  north  at  As/t  Island^  four  miles  beyond  the 
United  States  Line,  and  the  early  French  wri- 
ters marked  its  termination  towards  the  south  at 
Ticonderoga.  The  width  of  the  lake  varies  from 
one  fourth  of  a  mile  to  about  13  miles,  with  a 
mean  width  of  perhaps  4  miles,  and  c(  vering  an 
area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  receives  the 
waters  drained  from  about  7000  square  miles. 
Its  depth  is  in  general  sufficient  for  the  naviga- 
tion of  large  vessels.  This  lake  is  now  connected 
by  canals  with  the  navigable  waters  of  the  Hud- 
son and  the  St.  Lawrence. 


I 


if 


10                STEAMBOATS — CHAMPLAIN 

CANAL. 

Tabular  Hislorical  View 

1  Com. 

llor. 

NAMES. 

VVhero  builr,. 
Burlington, 

runn. 
1801) 

Lon 
120 

Ton 

167 

pow. 
20 

Vermont 

1st  Phoenix 

Vergcnnes, 

1815 

146 

336 

45 

Champlain 

do 

1817 

90 

128 

20 

Contrress 

do 

1818 

108 

209 

34 

2d  Phoenix 

do 

1820 

150 

343 

45 

Gen.  Green 

Shelburne, 

1825 

75 

115 

28 

Franklin 

St.  Albans, 

1827 

162 

350 

75 

Washington 

Essex,  N.  Y. 

1827 

92 

134 

30 

McDoriough 

St.  Albans, 

1828 

80 

138 

30 

Winooski 

Burlington, 

1832 

136 

226 

60 

Water  Witch 

Ft.  Cassin, 

1832 

90 

107 

40 

Burlington 

Shelburne, 

1838 

220 

460 

200 

Whitehall 

Whitehall, 

1 839 

215 

460 

200 

Saranac 

Shelburne, 

1842 

185 

331 

100 

FrancisSaltus 

Whitehall, 

1845 

1% 

373 

_  *  __ 

Champlain  Canal  connects  the  navigable  wa- 
ters of  the  Hudson  with  Lake  Champlain.  It  is 
64  miles  long,  40  feet  wide  at  the  top  and  28  at 
the  bottom,  with  a  navigable /eec?er  at  Sandy  Hill 
11  miles  long.  It  has  21  locks,  14  by  90  feet. 
Rise  from  the  Hudson,  134  feet,  fall  to  the  lake, 
54 ;  was  begun  in  1816,  finished  in  1819,  and 
cost  $1,079,872.  The  route  of  this  canal  is  in- 
teresting on  account  of  its  passing  through  a  sec- 
tion of  country  rendered  memoral  by  important 
military  operations.  It  passes  in  part  along  the 
line  of  Burgoyne's  advance  from  Lake  Cham- 


1 


c 

1 


T 


*    *  40  inch  cyleodar— 10  feet  stroke.^ 


STEAMBOATS — CHAMPLAIN  CANAL. 


11 


Of  S/furnhoafs  on  Lake  Cham  plain. 


Cost. 

45,000 
18,000 
30,000 
45,000 
12,000 
50,000 
14,000 
1 2,000 
15,000 
14,000 
75,000 
70,006 
35,000 
60,000 


Captains.* 


Continiianco  in  snrvice. 


John  Winans 
J.  Sherman 
Geo.  Brush 
R.  W    Sherman 
J.  Sherman 
Dan  Lyon 
R.  W.  Sherman 
.lames  Snow 
Wm.  Burton 
Wm.  Anderson 
Duff  Green 
R.  W.  Sherman 
G.  Lathrop 
P.T.Davis 
H.G.  Tisdale 


5  years,  sunk  Oct.  1815 

4     "burnt  Sept.  5,1819 

Burnt,  Whitehall, 1817 

16    "  condemn'd  in  1835 

16     '*  "  1837 

7     "  conv.toslonp,1833 

10     "  condemned,   1838 

now  running 
13     "  lost  1841 

now  running 
3     "  conv.to  schooner 
now  running        [1836 
now  running 
now  running, 
now  running. 


plain — near  the  scene  of  his  principal  battles — 
and  of  his  final  surrender.  It  passes  near  Fort 
Miller — Fort  Edward— and  Fort  Anne — the  spot 
where  Miss  M'Crea  was  murdered — the  tree  to 
which  Gen.  Putnam  was  bound  in  1757,  &.c. 

*  Several  changes  have  taken  place  in  the  com- 
manders of  the  above  boats  in  the  course  of  their 
continuance  in  service,  among  which  we  notice 
the  following  :  the  Winooski  was  commanded  se  v- 
eral  years  by  Capt.  Dan  Lyon  and  afterwards  by 
Capt.  Philips.  The  Whitehall  was  commanded 
by  Capt.  D.  Lyon  up  to  1844. 


13 


WHITEHALL — TICONDEROGA. 


tl 


Whitehall  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  the 
Champlain  Canal  with  the  lake.  It  contains  about 
2500  inhabitants,  a  presbyterian,  an  episcopal 
and  a  method ist  church,  a  bank,  &c.  It  is  a 
great  thoroughlare  of  travel  and  merchandise,  la 
a  place  of  considerable  business  and  is  fast  im- 
proving in  appearance  and  comfort.  Before  the 
revolution  Major  Skeene  resided  here,  and  tho 
place  was  for  some  time  know  by  the  name  of 
Skeenesborourrh.  The  Indian  name  of  this  placo 
is  said  to  be  Kah-sha-quak-na  or  jdnce  lohere  dip 
fisli.  At  this  place  one  or  more  steamboats  arrives 
and  departs  daily  during  the  continuance  of  tho 
navinration.     From  here  to  Ticonderoo-a  the  lako 



is  very  narrow,  averaging  lesj  than  a  mile.  The 
widest  place  is  about  two  miles,  against  the  south 
part  of  Orwell.  At  Shole's  Landing,  1  milesoutn 
of  Mount  Independence,  the  width  is  only  forty 
rods.  Half  a  mile  from  Whitehall  is  what  is  called 
the  Elhow^  a  short  turn  in  tho  lake  occasioned  by 
the  projection  of  a  rocky  point  from  tho  west. 
It  is  with  considerable  difficulty  that  large  boats 
pass  it  on  account  of  the  narrowness  of  the  chan- 
nel. Half  a  mile  further  north  South  Bay  opens 
to  the  southwest. 

TicoNDEROGA.  This  is  an  Indian  word  signify- 
ing noisy  ;  and  was  applied  by  the  natives  to  the 
fails  in  the  outlet  of  Lake  George.  It  was  after- 
wards applied  to  the  fortifications  on  the  penin*. 
sula  at  the  outlet  and  now  to  a  village  two  miles 


TICONIJEROGA — ABERCROMBIE's  DEFEAT.        13 

up  the  outlet  and  to  the  township  in  which 
these  are  situated.  Fort  Ticonderoga  occupies 
a  conspicuous  place  in  the  military  operations  in 
this  neiirhborhood.  Its  situation  may  be  seen  by 
the  following  diagram. 


The  French  first  established  themselves  here 
in  1755,  and  in  the  course  of  two  or  three  years  had 
erected  works,  which  they  named  Fort  Carillon 
and  w^hich,  with  its  natural  advantages,  rendered 
it  a  place  of  considerable  strength. 

Abercrombie's  Defeat.  In  1758,  the  English 
had  collected  an  army  of  16000  men,  at  the  head 


14 


ABERCROMRIE  DEFEATED  —  LORD  HOWE. 


^f 


1 


i 
J  ■ 

ft 


11 


I 


of  Lake  George  for  the  purpose  of  reducinsf  the 
French  works  on  Lake  Chauiplain.  At  the  head 
of  these  (len.  Abercrombie  embarked  at  Fort  Win. 
Henry  on  the  5th  of  July  and  proceeded  down  the 
lake  in  900  batteaux  and  L*35  whaleboats.  He 
landed  at  the  lower  end  without  difficulty.  As 
they  advanced  towards  the  French  works,  they 
had  frequent  skirmishes  with  the  enemy,  by 
which  their  pronrress  was  retarded  and  in  one  of 
which  the  gallant  Lord  Howe  was  killed.  The 
Encjlish  columns  at  length  became  so  much  em- 
barrassed  and  broken  on  account  of  the  thickness 
of  the  woods,  that  Abercrombie  deemed  it  prudent 
to  march  back  to  the  place  where  he  had  landed 
in  the  morning  and  there  encamp  for  the  night. 
The  French  works  were  protected  on  the  only 
assailable  ground  by  a  line  of  breastworks  and 
garrisoned  by  6000  men,  and,  as  a  reinforcement 
of  3000  men  was  on  its  way  to  join  them,  Aber- 
crombie was  anxious  to  get  possession  of  the 
works  before  it  should  arrive.  He,  therefore,  the 
next  morninor  led  forward  his  men  in  reo-ular  or- 
der  and  with  undaunted  firmness  and  commen- 
ced an  immediate  assault  upon  the  French  lines. 
The  enemy  opened  upon  them  a  well  directed 
fire  from  their  artillery,  but  the  English  contin- 
ued to  advance  undisniiayed  till  they  became 
completely  entangled  and  stopped  by  the  trees 
and  bushes,  which  had  been  felled  to  impede 
their  approach.  For  four  hours  they  strove  to  cut 


TICONDKROGA  DURING  THE  REVOLUTION.         15 

^■'"^^^^^^""      ■  I    ■•      I  ■  ■  ■  .Mil.  ■»  ■  I  ■        ■     M      ■    ■  ■    —         I    .  ■■  ■  ■  I       M    — ^—    ^ 

their  way  through  tliese  with  their  swords,  but 
without  success.  All  this  time  thoy  were  exposed 
to  the  deadly  fire  of  the  enemy,  who  were  com- 
pletely sheltered  by  their  breastworks.  The  num- 
bers o'i  the  assailants  continually  diminishing  and 
no  prospect  of  success  apppearing,  Abercrom- 
bio  thought  it  most  prudent  to  retreat,  and  ac- 
cordingly led  back  his  shattered  army  to  their 
former  encampment  without  being  pursued  or 
molested  by  the  enemy.  The  English  lost  in 
this  encounter,  in  killed  and  wounded,  nearly 
2000  men  and  2500  stand  of  arms.  Tlie  next 
year  this  post  was  abandoned  by  the  French  and 
was  taken  possession  of  by  the  English  under 
Gen.  Amherst  without  any  fighting,  by  whom  the 
works  were  repaired  and  strenthened. 

Ticonderoga  during  the  Revolution. — Ticon- 
deroga  was  our  first  trophy  in  the  war  for 
Independence.  It  was  taken  by  surprise  by  Ethan 
Allen  at  the  head  of  83  men,  mostly  Green 
Mountain  Boys,  in  the  morning  of  the  10th  of 
May,  1775,  who  demanded  its  surrender  "in  the 
name  of  the  Great  Jehovah  and  the  Continental 
CongressJ^  It  remained  in  the  possession  of  the 
Americans  till  the  advance  of  Burgoyne  through 
the  lake  in  1777.  The  Americans  at  this  time 
occupied  Ticonderoga  and  Mount  Independence 
on  the  opposite  side  the  lake,  where  they  had  some 
small  batteries.  These  posts  were  connected  by  a 
floating  bridge  80  rods  long  and  12  feet  wide.  Bur- 


»<  ^z 


'J 


.^;iii 


16 


8T.  CIAIR  S   RETREAT — CHIMNEY  POlKT. 


V 


il 


goyne  first  took  possession  of  Mount.  Hope,  situa- 
ted about  a  mile  to  the  northwest  of  Ticonderoga. 
Mount  Drfiance^  situated  at  the  south ^vest,  com- 
pletely commanded  the  American  workn,  being 
800  feet  above  them,  but  was  supposed  to  be  of 
BO  difficult  access  as  to  prevent  any  attempt  of  the 
British  to  plant  cannon  upon  it.  But  in  this  they 
were  mistaken  ;  for  on  the  5th  of  July  the  British 
had  taken  possession  of  this  mountain,  and  had 
commenced  the  erection  of  a  battery.  The  Ameri- 
can ofencral  St.  Clair  immediately  called  a  council 
of  officers,  by  whom  it  was  agreed  to  abandon  the 
post  at  Ticonderoga  and  Mount  Independence 
and  retreat. to  the  south,  which  was  carried  into 
effect  before  the  next  morninfj.  The  British  then 
took  possession  and  held  it  till  the  close  of  the 
war. 

From  Ticonderoga  to  Crown  Point  the  width 
of  the  lake  varies  from  1  to  2  miles.  In  this  dis- 
tance are  two  or  three  landing  places,  all  on  the 
East  side.  Watch  Point  in  Shoreham  a  little 
north  of  the  old  landing,  is  at  present  the  usual 
landing    place   of    passengers    for   Middlebury. 

CiiiiMNEr  Point,  the  landing  place  opposite  to 
Crown  Point  is  in  the  south  western  corner  of 
the  town  of  Addison.  Here  the  French  com- 
menced their  first  settlement  upon  the  lake  in 
1731.  When  Crown  Point  fell  into  the  hands  of 
the  English  in  1759,  this  settlement  was  aban- 
doned, and  the  remains  of  the  chimneys,  which 


CHIMNEY  POINT — CROWN   POINT. 


17 


they  had  erected  in  their  huts,  probably  fcjuggcs- 
ted  to  tlio  first  Eiii^Hish  settlers  the  naiiie  of 
Chimney  Point.  The  slonr.  windmill^  mentioned 
hy  Kahn,  as  beinrr  within  one  or  two  njusket-shots 
to  the  east  of  Fort  Frodorick,  and  as  havintrO  or 
6  snnall  cannon  mounted  in  it  in  1749,  and  which 
lias  been  supposed  to  have  ^-iven  name  to  this 
point,  was  most  probably  at  the  place  opposite, 
marked  by  the  ruins  of  what  is  called  (Jrenadier'H 
Battery. 


Crown  Point.    The  French  first  established 
themselves  here  in  1731,  and  erected  a  fort  which 


ill 


18 


FORT  ST.  FREDERICK — CROWN  POINT. 


Frederick, 


Frederick 


they  called  Fort  S 
Maurepas,  the  French  secretary  of  state.  At 
this  place  the  French  kept  a  garrison,  and  from 
it,  during'  the  colonial  wars,  sent  out  their  parties 
of  French  and  Indians  to  destroy  the  frontier 
English  settlements,  and  massacre  the  inhabi- 
tants. When  Kalm,  visited  this  place  in  1749, 
there  was  a  considerable  settlement  around  the 
fort  with  well  cultivated  gardens.  Within 
the  fort  was  a  neat  little  church.  The  fort  was 
built  upon  the  brow  of  the  steep  bank  of  the 
lake,  but  a  short  distance  from  the  water,  and  the 
remains  of  its  bomb-proof,  covered  way,  ovens, 
&,c.,  are  still  to  be  seen,  though  in  a  very  dila- 
pidated state.  Its  place  is  indicated  by  figure  2,  in 
the  cut.  The  small  circle  to  the  southeast  of  this 
denotes  the  site  of  Grenadier's  Batterv,  and  the 
two  small  parallelograms  to  the  southwest  of  the 
latter  place,  the  situation  of  two  strong  redoubts. 
On  the  approach  of  the  British  army  under 
Gen.  Amherst  in  1759,  the  French  abandoned 
this  fort  and  retired  to  the  north  end  of  the  lake. 
Amherst  took  immediate  possession,  but  instead 
of  repairing  the  old  works,  began  a  new  fort, 
which  was  called  Crown  Point,  about  200  yards 
to  the  south  west,  on  higher  and  more  command- 
ing ground.  This  fort  was  never  completed,  as 
is  evident  from  an  examination  of  the  ditch, 
glacis,  &c.,  at  the  present  day,  although  it  has 
been  said  that  the  British  government  expended 


% 


!■ 


'i 


CROWN  POINT — ENGLISH  FORT. 


19 


derick 
e.  At 
1  from 
parties 
rentier 
nhabi- 

1749, 
id  the 
Vithin 
rt  was 
of  the 
nd  the 
ovens, 
r  dila- 
e  2,  in 
of  this 
id  the 
of  the 
oubts. 
under 
doned 

lake, 
istead 
V  fort, 
yards 
nand- 
ed,  as 
ditch, 
it  has 
mded 


here  no  less  than  £2,000,000  sterling.  The  po- 
sition of  the  several  works  may  be  understood  by 
the  preceding  diagram,  and  the  form  and  size  of 
the  English  fort  by  the  following  diagram  and 
description. 


The  ramparts  are  about  25  feet  thick,  and 
from  15  to  25  in  height,  and  ere  reveted  with  solid 
masonry.  The  curtains  vary  in  length  from  52 
yards  to  101  yards,  and  the  whole  circuit,  meas- 
uring along  the  top  of  the  rampart,  including  the 
the  bastions,  is  853  yards,  or  27  yards  less  than 


6  '. 


20 


CROWN  POINT  FORT. 


'/I, 


half  a  mile.  Within  the  fort  were  four  large 
Btoiie  buildinofs,  desiorned  for  barracks  and  other 
uses,  one  of  which  is  now  wholly  removed,  and 
another  287  feet  long,  is  mostly  thrown  down. 
The  walls  of  the  other  two,  being,  one  192  and 
the  other  216  feet  long,  and  two  stories  high,  are 
nearly  entire,  and  a  part  of  the  latter  roofed  and 
inhabited.  These  were  used  as  barracks,  are 
built  of  solid  masonry  with  chimneys,  and  the 
stones  for  their  construction  appear  to  have  been 
taken  from  tlfe  ditch,  and  the  chips  used  for  lev- 
elling up  the  slope  of  the  glacis.  In  the  north- 
eastern bastion  is  a  large  well,  said  to  be  90  feet 
deep,  and  from  this  bastion  was  the  descent  to 
the  covered  way  or  underground  communica- 
tion with  the  lake.  The  walls  of  this  covered 
way  have  fallen  in,  so  as  to  render  it  impassible, 
but  it  may  be  traced  through  its  whole  length  by 
a  depression  alongj  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
This  fort  was  taken  by  surprise  by  a  party  of 
Green  Mountain  Boys,  under  Seth  Warner,  on 
the  same  day  that  Ticonderoga  surrendered  to 
Ethan  Allen. 

The  width  of  the  peninsula  upon  which  these 
works  stood  is  one  mile,  and  is  in  no  part  much 
elevated  above  the  site  of  the  principal  fort,  but 
there  is  a  considerable  mountain  on  the  west  side 
of  Bulwagga  Bay,  the  nearest  summit  of  which 
is  only  IJ  miles  from  the  fort  and  elevated  400 
feet  above  it.    The  highest  is  distant  2|  miles 


-i   ' 


!     II 


WESTPORT — FORT  CASSIN. 


21 


•  large 
1  other 
3d,  and 

down. 
92  and 
gh,  are 
ed  and 
ks,  are 
ind  the 
e  been 
br  lev- 

north- 
90  feet 
:ent  to 
mnica- 
iovered 
issible, 
igth  by 
ground, 
arty  of 
ler,  on 

red  to 

these 

much 

rt,  but 

st  side 

which 

d400 

miles 


and  elevated  900  feet.  The  whole  peninsula  is 
made  up  of  dark  lime  stone  covered  in  most  part 
with  only  a  slight  depth  of  earth,  so  that  works 
upon  it,  cannot  be  assailed  by  regular  advances. 
The  width  between  Crown  and  Chimney  Points 
is  only  about  half  a  mile.  From  Crown  point  to 
Split  Rock  the  average  width  of  the  lake  is  about 
3 J  miles. 

Port  Henry  is  IJ  miles  from  Crown  Pt.  Fort 
and  a  little  north  of  Cedar  Point.  Here  is  a 
good  landing  place  and  here  are  the  works  of  the 
Port  Henry  Iron  Company.  There  is  a  ferry 
between  this  place  and  Chimney  Point. 

Westport,  the  next  landing  place  on  the  N. 
Y.  side,  is  situated  on  Northwest  Bay.  It  is  a 
thriving  villaore  of  about  600  inhabitants.  A 
horse  ferry  boat  plies  between  this  place  and  Ba- 
sin Harbor. 

Basin  Harbor,  one  of  the  best  on  the  lake, 
is  in  the  town  of  Ferrisburg,  Vt.,  and  is  5  miles 
west  from  the  city  of  Vergennes. 

Fort  Cassin,  3  miles  north  of  Basin  Harbor 
and  on  the  north  side  of  the  mouth  of  Otter 
Creek,  is  a  landing  place  of  passengers  for  Ver- 
gennes. It  is  8  miles  from  the  City  of  Vergennes 
where  Macdonough's  fleet  was  fitted  out,  with 
which  he  gained  his  victory.  Fort  Cassin  takes 
its  name  from  Lieut.  Cassin  of  the  navy,  who 
with  a  small  breast  work  at  this  place,  and  less 
than  200  men  commanded  by  himself  and  Capt. 


i  Q' 


:'!>ir 


. 


•'I 


Ml 


i 

■■'ir. 


22    SPLIT-ROCK — CHARLOTTE — m'nEIL's  FERRT. 

— —  -      —  ■  — • — ■* 

Thornton,  of  the  artillery,  on  the  14th  of  May 
1814,  repulsed  a  large  British  force  in  an  attempt 
to  enter  the  creek  for  the  purpose  of  destroying 
the  American  flotilla  before  it  should  be  ready 
for  service. 

Split  Rock  is  one  of  the  greatest  natural  cu- 
riosities on  the  lake,  and  one  which  did  not  es- 
cape the  notice  of  the  earliest  French  explorers. 
Roclier  Fendu  occupies  a  conspicuous  place  on 
Charlevoix,  map  of  1744.  It  has  been  suppo- 
sed to  have  been  formed  by  the  breaking  off  of 
a  rocky  promontory  extending  north,  but  Prof. 
Emmons  (N.  Y.  Geological  Report,  231)  thinks  it 
was  formed  by  the  wearing  away  of  the  rock  in 
that  place  in  consequence  of  its  being  of  a  softer 
texture.  The  part  detached  contains  about  half 
an  acre,  rises  about  30  feet  above  the  water,  is 
covered  with  bushes  and  is  separated  about  10 
feet  from  the  main  rock.  A  few  rods  south  of 
Split  Rock  stands  a  light  house.  The  width  of 
the  lake  between  Split  Rock  and  Thompson's 
Point  is  only  about  a  mile.  From  this  place  the 
width  of  the  lake  increases  towards  the  north, 
and  at  McNieVs  Ferry^  betw^een  Charlotte  land- 
ing and  the  village  of  Essex,  it  wants  20  rods  of  3 
miles.  This  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  best  fer- 
ries across  the  lake.  The  passage  is  by  horse- 
boat,  and  is  performed  in  about  30  minutes.  Just 
north  of  Charlotte  landing  is  the  delightful  resi- 
dence of  Charles  McNiel,  Esqr. 


1H 


'■}:   .11. 


ESSEX — FOUR  BROTHERS — JUNIPER  ISLAND.   23 


Essex  is  a  pleasant  village  containing  about 
600  inhabitants.  From  this  place  the  width  of 
the  lake  increases  as  it  flows  North,  and  at  Bur- 
lington amounts  to  about  10  miles ;  and  here  is 
the  greatest  expanse  of  water  uninterrupted  by 
islands.  On  the  way  from  Essex  to  Burlirgton, 
are  passed  the  Four  Brothers,  lying  at  some  dis- 
tance, and  Juniper  Island  and  Rock  Dunder  on 
the  left,  and  Potier's  Point  and  the  mouth  of 
Shelburn  Bay  on  the  right. 

Four  Brothers  are  4  small  islands  lying 
about  7  miles  south  west  from  Burlington,  and 
being  out  of  the  usual  line  of  navigation  they  are 
resorted  to  by  gulls  and  other  water  fowl  for  the 
purpose  of  raising  their  young.  On  Charlevoix 
map  of  1744,  they  are  called  Isle  de  quatre  Vents. 

Juniper  Island  lies  3  miles  south  west  from 
Burlington  —  is  composed  of  slate  rock,  with 
precipitous  banks  about  thirty  feet  high,  and 
covered  with  about  a  dozen  acres  of  good 
soil.     A  light  house  was  erected  here  in  1826. 

Rock  Dunder  is  a  solitary  rock  rising  out  of  the 
water  between  Juniper  Island  and  Potier's  Point 
to  the  height  of  about  20  feet. 

Potier's  Point  is  24  miles  nearly  south  from 
the  landing  at  Burlington  and  at  the  mouth  of 
Shelburne  Bay.  On  the  east  side  of  this  point 
just  within  the  bay  is  a  ship  yard,  called  the  Har- 
bor, It  is  three  miles  from  the  steamboat  land- 
ing in  Burlington,  and  although  situated  in  the 


.  & 


24 


HARBOR — BURLINGTON. 


'-iii 


!!«■ 


MM. 
•  ^  I; 


1  -,? 


SV        >'■ 


I 


township  of  Shelburne  may  be  regarded  as  the 
Burlington  ship  yard.  Here  several  of  the  large 
steam  boats  have  been  built,  and  they  are  usually 
laid  up  here  during  the  winter. 

Through  the  greater  part  of  the  passage  from 
Ticonderoofa  to  Burlinofton  the  traveller  has  a 
fine  view  of  the  Green  Mountains  in  Vermont, 
stretching  along  at  the  east,  particularly  of  the 
CameVs  Hump,  and  the  Nose  and  Chin  of  the 
Mansfield  mountains  lying  further  north. 

Burlington  is  situated  nearly  midway  be- 
tween Whitehall  and  St.  Johns.  It  is  the  most 
important  town  on  lake  Champlain,  is  a  port  of 
entry,  and  by  recent  arrangements  between  our 
government  and  Great  Britain,  is  made  one  of 
the  two  ports  (Plattsburgh  being  the  other)  on 
lake  Champlain,  at  which  merchandize  sentfron 
England  through  the  United  States  into  Canada 
is  entered  for  inspection  and  exportation.  The 
village  of  Burlington  is  not  surpassed  in  beauty 
of  location  by  any  town  in  New  England.  It 
occupies  a  gentle  declivity  terminated  on  the  west 
by  the  lake.  The  principal  streets  running  east 
and  west,  are  one  mile  in  length,  and  these  are 
crossed  nearly  at  right  angles  by  others  running 
north  and  south,  cutting  the  whole  village  into 
regular  squares.  The  village  contains  4000 
inhabitants,^  and  is  steadily  advancing  in  wealth 
and  population.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Univer- 
sity :f  Vermont,  which  is  a  flourishing  institution, 


•I 

■  I" 

.1    ir;; 


BURLINGTON — MAP. 


25 


having  a  well  selected  library  of  about  8000 
volumes,  a  very  gcoi  chemical  and  philosophi- 
cal apparatus,  and  a  respectable  cabinet  of 
natural   history.     Besides  the  university  build- 


ings, the  village  contains  six  churches,  a  court 
house  and  jail,  a  high  school  for  boys,  a  female 
seminary,  two  banks,  three  printing  offices,  seven 
hotels  and  taverns  and  about  40  stores,  four  of 
which  are  bookstores.  There  are  several  manu- 
factories,  among   which    the   glass    factory    of 


26 


BNRLINGTON — UNIVERSITY. 


i 


Jt:! 


?■     • 


Messrs.  Smith  &  Willkins  is  one  of  the  most 
important.  There  are  three  lines  of  mail  stages 
which  arrive  and  depart  daily,  (Sunday  excep- 
ted,) besides  three  or  four  others  which  come 
in  and  go  out  twice  or  thrice  a  week,  ^ee  Tables^ 
p.  46, 47.  During  the  continuance  of  navigation 
there  are  regular  lines  of  steam-boats  between 
here  and  Whitehall,  between  here  and  St.  Johns, 
between  here  and  Plattsburgh  and  St.  Albans, 
besides  numerous  arrivals  and  departures  of  ir- 
regular boats,  sloops,  &c.  There  are  four 
extensive  wharves  with  storehouses,  and  the 
greater  part  of  the  merchandize  intended  for  the 
north  western  section  of  Vermont  is  landed  here. 
A  breakwater  has  been  built  in  front  of  the 
wharves  for  the  protection  of  the  shipping.  Op- 
posite to  Burlington  the  width  of  the  lake  is  9| 
miles,  and  the  soundings  taken  at  eight  differ- 
ent places  along  the  line,  vary  from  50  to  about 
300  feet. 

The  buildings  of  the  University  of  Vermont 
are  delightfully  situated  upon  the  summit  at  the 
eastern  extremity  of  the  village,  at  an  elevation 
of  more  than  250  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
lake.  The  prospect  from  the  dome  of  the  prin- 
cipal edifice  is,  at  some  seasons  of  the  year,  one 
of  unrivaled  b'^auty,  and  well  repays  the  toil  of 
the  ascent.  Here  is  spread  out,  as  upon  a  map, 
before  the  eye, —  the  busy  village  —  the  lake, 
stretching  from  south  to  north,  with  its  bays  and 


-  it 


ill  I 


iii;!.. 
0 


WIN005KI  VILLAGE — SCHUYLER  ISLAND 


27 


lie  most 
il  stages 
^  excep- 
ch  come 

Tables, 
vigation 
between 
'.  Johns, 
Albans, 
Js  of  ir- 
re   four 
nd   the 
for  the 
d  here, 
of  the 
r-    Op. 
e  is  9| 
diiFer- 

about 

rmont 
at  the 
vation 
of  the 

prin- 
r,  one 
toil  of 

map, 
lake, 
3  and 


islands,  its  steamboats,  and  other  water  craft  — 
the  Winooski  river,  dashing  through  dark  and 
frightful  chasms  and  then  winding  gently  through 
the  beautiful  meadows  at  the  north  — and  more 
remote,  the  woods  and  farms  and  smiling  villages  ; 
—  and,  to  complete  the  picture,  the  east  and  west 
are  bounded  by  a  grand  and  varied  outline  of 
mountains,  many  of  whose  summits  mingle  with 
the  clouds. 

Winooski  Village  is  situated  at  the  Lower 
Falls  in  Winooski  river,  and  2  miles  from  the 
steam  boat  landing  in  Burlington.  Here  is 
abundant  and  excellent  water  power,  which  has 
hitherto  been  only  partially  improved.  At  this 
place  an  extensive  woollen  factory  is  in  operation 
and  several  other  factories  and  mills.  A  "large 
block  factory,  satinett  factory,  and  several  mills 
have  been  destroyed  by  fire,  which  have  not  yet 
been  rebuilt. 

From  Burlington  to  Port  Kent,  10  miles,  the 
course  is  a  little  north  of  west.  Juniper  Island 
and  the  Four  Brothers  lie  at  the  left,  and  on  the 
right,  first,  Lone  Rock  or  Sharpshin  Point,  near 
which  may  be  seen  the  residence  of  the  Rt.  Rev. 
J.  H.  Hopkins,  and  a  little  further  along  Appletree 
Point,  and  still  farther  and  more  remote  Col- 
chester Point.  Winooski  river  enters  the  lake 
between  the  two  last.  Just  before  reaching  Port 
Kent  a  considerable  island  is  passed  lying  on  the 
left  called  Schuyler's  Island,    The  French  cal- 


28 


PORT  KENT — BURNING  OF  THE  PH(ENIX. 


h    -1'' 


\)    ' 


led  it  Isle  au  Chapon.  The  point  of  the  main 
land  lying  between  this  island  and  Port  Kent, 
is  called  Point  Tremhleau. 

Port  Kent  is  a  pleasant  little  village  which 
owes  its  origin  to  the  late  Elkanah  Watson,  Esq. 
and  has  grown  up  within  a  few  years.  It  has  a 
convenient  dock  from  which  is  shipped  the 
greater  part  of  the  immense  quantity  of  iron 
manufactured  in  this  section  of  the  country.  On 
the  Au  Sable  river  which  runs  through  a  region 
abounding  in  iron  ore^  and  empties  into  the  lake 
a  little  north  of  this  port,  are  the  flourishing  man- 
ufacturinof  villages  of  Au  Sable  Forks,  Clinton- 
ville,  Keeseville,  and  Birmingham.  On  this  riv- 
er are  many  interesting  falls.  Those  at  Birming- 
ham 2  miles  from  Port  Kent,  and  the  ravine  be- 
low, through  which  the  river  passes,  are  worthy 
the  notice  of  the  curious  traveller. 

From  Port  Kent  to  Plattsburgh,  the  course  is 
along  near  the  western  shore  of  the  lake. 

Port  Jackson,  the  only  intermediate  landing 
place,  is  nearly  west  of  the  south  end  of  Valcour 
Island^  noted  for  a  severe  naval  conflict,  on  the 
11th  of  October  1776,  between  the  American 
flotilla  under  General  Arnold  and  the  British  un- 
der Capt.  Prindle.  The  battle  was  fought  a  lit- 
tle north  of  Port  Jackson.  Five  or  six  miles  near- 
ly east  from  Port  Jackson  was  the  scene  of  the 
conflagration  of  the  steamer  Phcenix  on  the  morn- 
ing of  the  5th  of  September  1819.   Previous  to  the 


il    ll.'t!    f. 

■■■;'«; 


PLATTSBURGH. 


29 


le  main 
'  Kent, 

which 
n,  p]sq. 
t  has  a 
d    the 
of  iron 
^     On 
region 
e  Jake 
5"  man- 
linton- 
is  riv- 
ming- 
ne  be- 
worthy 

rse  i3 

nding 
'Icour 
n  the 
rican 
1  un- 
alit- 
lear- 
the 
orn- 
)th8 


settlen  nt  of  F ort  Kent,the  steamboats  proceeded 
directly  Irurn  Burlington  to  Plattsburji^b,  along  the 
west  i^hore  of  Grand  Isle.  On  the  uiornino-  of  the 
accident  the  Pba^nix  left  Brrlino-tou  about  one 
o'clock,  against  a  strong  north  wind.  About  3  o'- 
clock, while  off  nearly  west  of  the  south  end  of 
Grand  Isle,  the  boat  was  discovered  to  be  on  fire, 
and  all  efforts  to  extinguish  it  were  unavailing. 
There  were  at  this  time  44  persons  on  board,  31 
of  whom  entered  the  small  boats  and  succeeded 
with  considerable  difficulty  in  reaching  a  small 
island  about  a  mile  to  the  windward,  called  Prov- 
idence Island.  The  remaining  13  were  soon 
obliged  to  commit  themselves  to  the  water  upon 
bits  of  plank  and  such  other  things  as  were  with- 
in their  reach.  The  small  boats  returned  just 
after  daylight  and  succeeded  in  saving  (5  of  those 
who  had  managed  to  keep  themselves  afloat. 
The  remaining  seven  were  drowned.  The  wreck 
drifted  southward  and  lodged  on  a  reef,  extend- 
ing from  Colchester  Point.  This  is  the  only  ac- 
cident, worthy  of  notice,  which  has  occurred  du- 
ring 36  years  of  steam  navigation  on  this  lake. 
Plattsburgh  is  a  flourishing  village  pleas- 
antly situated  on  both  sides  of  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Saranac.  It  has  4  churches  and  about 
2600  inhabitants.  There  are  falls  in  the  river 
here  of  about  40  feet,  affording  a  large  amount  of 
water  power.  On  these  there  are  several  manu- 
facturing establishments,  but  they  are  only  par- 


.!    .i 


s 


'  ;i' 


30 


PLATT8BUR0H. 


tially  occupied.  There  is  a  regular  line  of  stages 
from  this  place  to  Malone,  Pottsdam,  and  Ogdens- 
burgh.  Pittsburgh  is  a  military  post  of  the 
United  States,  and  a  little  south  of  the  village 
near  the  lake  shore,  the  government  has  erected 
extensive  stone  barracks,  and  a  permanent  break 
water  for  the  protection  of  the  harbor.  During 
the  last  war  this  place  was  the  scene  of  an  im- 
portant engagement  both  on  land  and  water. 


Valcour  I. 


Pt Jackson 


Battle  of  Plattsburgh..-On  the  1st  of  Sept.  1814, 
Gen.  Prevost  entered  the  U.  S.  at  the  head  of 
14000  men  and  advanced  towards  Plattsburgh, 


BATTLE  AT  PLATT9BURGH. 


31 


which  was  then  jrarrisoned  hy  only  one  brigade 
comnnanded  by  Gen.  Macomb.  Prevost's  ad- 
vance was  slow  and  cautious,  and,  in  the  mean 
time,  every  effort  was  made  by  Macomb  *to  call 
in  the  neighborinnr  militia.  Oji  the  7th,  Prevost 
appeared  before  Plattsburgh,  and  till  the  11th, 
awaited  the  arrival  of  the  British  flotilla,  being 
employed  in  the  mean  time  in  erecting  batteries. 
The  American  flotilla,  commanded  by  Commo- 
dore Macdonoutrh  and  consistinjr  of*the  Saratocra 
of  2()  guns,  the  Eagle  of  !2(),  the  Ticonderoga  of 
17,  the  Preble  of  7,  and  10  gun  boats  carrying 
16  guns,  and  carrying  in  the  whole  820  men, 
was  then  lying  in  Plattsburgh  bay.  The  British 
naval  force  at  this  time  consisted  of  a  frigate  of 
39  guns,  the  Linnet  of  16,  two  sloops  of  11  each, 
and  13  gun  boats  carrying  18  guns,  with  1050 
men,  and  commanded  by  Commodore  Downie. 
The  American  ships  were  anchored  in  a  line  ex- 
tending in  a  direction  nearly  north  from  Crab 
Island.  In  the  morning  of  the  11th  of  Septem- 
ber, th<3  British  flotilla  came  around  Cumbrrland 
Head  and,  about  9  o'clock,  anchored  in  a  line 
parallel  to  the  American  and  about  300  yards 
distant.  In  this  situation  the  whole  force  on 
both  sides  became  engaged,  and  after  a  severe 
conflict  of  2  hours  and  20  minutes  the  engagement 
was  terminated  by  the  surrender  of  the  whole 
British  flotilla,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  gun 
boats  which  effected  their  escape.  The  British  losg 


■•''ill; 

f  I" 

'  illi 


■it'f 


'i  -  M 


32    PLATTSBURGH  BATTLE — CUMBERLAND  HEAD. 

^.■■■■Il.-l.--.|.- .  ■  ■■..--.I  !■■  ■■■  1^-.  ..—        — ■  .  ..  ^.  I.  ■■■—        M.  I*l« 

was  84  killed,  among  whom  were  Com.  Downie 
and  two  Lieutenants,  and  110  wounded.  The 
American  was  52  killed  and  58  wounded. 
Amon^  the  former  were  Lieuts.  Gamble  and 
StanslDury. 

The  commencement  of  the  naval  action  seem- 
ed be  the  signal  for  a  general  assault  by  land. 
The  enemy  opened  their  batteries  upon  the  A- 
merican  works,  and  at  the  same  time  attempted  to 
cross  the  S^ranac  and  gain  their  rear.  The 
Americans  kept  up  a  destructive  fire  from  their 
forts  and  met  the  enemy  at  every  point  with  most 
determined  bravery.  Aa  soon  as  it  was  known 
that  their  fleet  had  surrendered,  the  enemy  re- 
linquished all  their  hopes,  and  began  making  ar- 
ranofements  for  a  retreat :  and  before  the  next 
morning  they  had  retired  so  precipitately  as  to 
leave  behind  their  wounded,  and  large  quantities 
of  provisions,  amunition  and  military  stores. 

The  officers,  who  fell  on  both  sides,  in  these 
enofaofements,  were  all  buried  near  toorether  in  the 
public  cemetery  at  Plattsburgh,  and  the  Clin- 
ton County  Military  Association,  celebrated  the 
anniversary  of  the  battle  in  1843,  by  placing  over 
them  marble  monuments  with  appropriate  inscrip- 
tions. 

Cumberland  Head  extends  three  miles  into 
the  lake  on  the  north  side  of  Plattsburgh,  or 
Cumberland  Bay.  On  this  point  is  a  light  house 
and  the  farm  presented  to  Com.  Macdonough  by 


I 

i 


1 


1 1 


HEAD. 

Downie 
d.  The 
'ounded. 
hie  and 

n  seem- 
J  land. 
theA- 
ipted  to 
.     The 
n  their 
-h  most 
known 
Tiy  re- 
in o-  ar- 
e  next 
Y  as  to 

ntities 

s. 

these 
in  the 

CJin. 
d  the 
?over 
scrip- 

3  into 
h,  or 
iouse 
:hhy 


ISLANDS — ALBURGH. 


33 


the  Legislature  of  Vermont.  It  lies  in  full  view 
of  the  scene  of  his  memorable  victory  on  the  11th 
of  September  1814.  On  Chalevoix's  map  of  1744 
this  point  is  called  Cap  ScoumounUm.  Cumber- 
land Head  is  connected  by  a  ferry  with  Grand 
Island. 

Grand  Island,  or  South  Hero  is  the  largest  is- 
land in  the  lake  and  belonofs  to  Vermont.  It  has  an 
excellent  soil  and  is  connected  with  Cumberland 
Head  on  the  west  by  a  ferry  and  with  the  main 
shore  on  the  east  by  a  ferry  and  by  a  fordable 
eand  bar. 

North  Hero  is  another  large  island  lying  north 
of  the  above.  It  constitutes  a  townshio  of  the 
came  name  and  belonors  to  Vermont.  The  steam 
ferry  boat  from  Burlington  on  its  way  from  Platts- 
burgh  to  St.  Albans  passes  between  these  islands. 

Isle  la  Motte  also  belongs  to  Vermont ; 
contains  4620  acres  and  constitutes  a  township 
of  the  same  name.  Its  rocks  are  lime,  from  veins 
of  which  is  quarried  a  fine  black  marble. 

Alburgh,  lying  still  further  north,  is  a  town- 
ship formed  by  a  point  of  land  extending  south- 
ward between  the  lake  and  Missisco  Bay.  It  is 
connected  with  Canada  along  the  45th  parallel 
of  latitude.  In  this  township  is  a  medicinal 
spring  which  is  a  place  of  considerable  resort  for 
invalids.  In  Highgate  lying  east  of  the  bay  is 
another  medicinal  spring  of  quite  equal  celebrity. 

Missisco  Bay  is  a  large  body  of  water  extend- 


M 


I 


E  Mm\' 

1?:  ; 


■     M;-.',:    I 


34 


ROUSE  S  POINT — UNITED   STATES  LINE. 


ing  into  Canada,  on  the  east  side  of  which  is  the 
village  of  Philipsburgh. 

Chazy  Landing  is  16  miles  north  of  Platts- 
burgh. 

Rouse's  Point  is  9  miles  north  of  Chazy, 
in  the  township  of  Champlain,  and  about  one 
mile  from  the  United  States  line.  Here  is  a 
convenient  steamboat  landing.  Nearly  opposite 
on  the  west  part  of  Alburgh,  is  Windmill  Point, 
This  point  takes  its  name  from  a  windmill  built 
here  by  the  French  while  they  had  possession  of 
the  lake. 

United  Slates  Line.  This  line  was  fixed  in 
1842,  by  treaty  negotiated  by  Lord  Ashburton 
and  Mr.  Webster,  on  the  old  line  formerly  sup- 
posed to  be  the  45Lh  parallel  of  latitude.  Imme- 
diately after  the  close  of  the  last  war  the  United 
States  government  commenced  building  a  fort  on 
a  low  point  to  the  northward  of  Rouse's  Point 
landing  which  should  completely  command  the 
passage  up  the  lake.  By  the  survey  of  this  line 
in  1818,  it  was  found  that  this  point  was  north  of 
the  45th  parallel,  and  the  work  was  consequently 
abandoned ;  but  by  the  late  treaty  the  fort  was 
secured  to  the  United  States  and  the  work  has 
recently  been  resumed.  An  opening  through  the 
woods  like  a  road,  on  the  east  side  of  the  lake 
and  about  200  rods  north  of  the  fort  marks  the 
place  of  the  Line  as  now  established. 

Ash  Island,  lying  3  or  4  miles  north  of  the 


INE. 

lich  is  the 

of  Platts- 

of  Chazy, 
about  one 
lere  is  a 
r  opposite 
lill  Point. 
mill  built 
session  of 

!  fixed  in 

ishburton 

erly  sup- 

Jmme- 

le  United 

a  fort  on 

e's  Point 

nand  the 

this  line 

north  of 

equently 

fort  was 

v^ork  has 

)ugh  the 

;he  lake 

rks  the 

1  of  the 


I 


ISLE-AUX-NOIX  —  ST.  JOHNS. 


35 


^i 


Line,  is  sometimes  regarded  as  the  termination 
of  the  lake  towards  the  north  and  the  commence- 
ment of  the  Richelieu  or  Sorel  which  forms  its 
outlet. 

La  Colle  lying  on  the  west  side  was  a  British 
military  post  during  the  last  war,  and  is  noted  on 
account  of  an  unsuccessful  attack  made  by  the 
Americans  upon  the  enemy  sheltered  in  the  stone 
mills  at  this  place,  on  the  29th  of  March,  1814. 

Isle  aux  Noix  is  the  first  steam  boat  landincr 
after  entering  Canada.  This  is  the  frontier  mili- 
tary post  of  the  British.  It  is  strongly  fortified 
and  garrisoned,  and  completely  commands  the 
passage  of  the  lake  or  river.  The  Americans 
took  possession  of  this  island  in  1775  and  re- 
tained it  till  they  retreated  from  Canada  the  next 
year.  It  was  afterwards  the  principal  scene  of 
the  nes^otiations  between  the  British  officers  and 
the  agents  of  the  leading  men  in  Vermont,  by 
which  a  large  British  army  was  kept  inactive  du- 
ring the  last  three  years  of  the  revolutionary  war. 

St.  Johns  is  the  termination  of  the  steam-toat 
navigation  of  the  lake  in  this  direction,  being 
checked  by  the  Chambly  rapids,  and  at  this  place 
cars  are  taken  for  Laprairie  on  the  way  to  Mon- 
treal. The  village  of  St.  Johns  presents  a  thri- 
ving appearance  and  contains  about  2000  in- 
habitants. It  is  a  military  post,  and  extensive 
barracks  have  been  erected  here  since  the  late 
rebellion  which  are  pleasantly  situated  and  occu- 


.':;;" 


'M  i 


m 


I 


\l 


fill 

^  If 


■•}■■! 


tit!.''  .^ 

i.'.! 


■-■^• 
'V 


(.■!■ 


'A 


Al 


,.r.     I, 


36 


CHAMBLY  CANAL — HAIL-ROAD. 


pied  by  a  regiment  of  British  troops.  It  was  the 
scene  of  some  military  operation  during  the  revo- 
lution. It  sustained  a  siege  of  6  weeks,  before 
it  surrendered  to  Gen.  Montgomery  in  Nov.  1775. 
St.  Johns  is  a  port  of  entry  with  a  custom  house, 
and  a  custom  house  officer  here  goes  on  board 
the  steamboats  to  inspect  the  baggage  of  passen- 
gers  previous  to  being  landed. 

Chamhly  Canal  is  12  miles  long,  connecting 
the  naviiifable  waters  above  with  those  below 
Chambly  rapids  and  extending  from  St.  Johns  to 
Chambly.  There  are  9  locks  120  feet  long  and 
24  wide,  each  with  a  lift  of  10  feet,  making  90 
feet  in  the  whole.  It  was  built  by  the  British 
government,  finished  in  1843,  and  cost  about 
$400,000.  This  canal  completed  an  uninter- 
rupted water  communication  between  Quebec 
and  New-York. 

Champlain  and  St.  Lawrence  Railroad  is  fif- 
teen miles  lonof,  i-eachinfj  fom  St  Johns  to  La- 
prairie.  It  was  finished  in  1836  and  cost  about 
$200,000,  including  depots,  locomotives,  cars, 
&c.  The  country  through  which  it  runs  is  almost 
a  dead  level.  The  fare  from  St.  Johns  to  Mont- 
real by  railroad  and  steamboat,  is  $1  for  1st  class, 
and  half  a  dollar  in  2d  class  cars. 

Laprairie  is  a  considerable  village  and  most 
of  the  inhabitants  are  French.  From  this  place 
to  Montreal,  9  miles,  the  passage  is  by  steamboat. 


:i 


MONTREAL — CATHEDRAL — WHARVES. 


37 


It  was  the 
f  the  revo- 
ks,  before 
^ov.  1775. 
om  house, 
on  board 
>f  passen- 

3nnectinar 

)se  below 

Johns  to 

long-  and 

aking  90 

e  British 

ost  about 

uninter- 

Quebec 

fad  is  fif- 
is  to  La- 
3st  about 
es,  cars, 
is  almost 
to  Mont- 
Ist  class, 

^nd  most 
lis  place 
^amboat. 


Montreal,  the  seat  of  government  and  the 
largest  city  in  Canada,contains  near  40,000  inhabi- 
tants. This  city  presents  a  strong  contrast  to  the 
cities  of  the  United  States,  and  in  its  population, 
buildino's,  streets  and  customs,  resembles  the 
cities  of  the  old  world,  and  hence  it  is  an  object 
of  particular  interest  to  the  American  traveller. 
On  approaching,  the  object  whicli  first  attracts 
attention  is  the  huge  Roman  Catholic  Cathedral, 
whose  towers  rise  so  majestically  above  the  sur- 
rounding buildings.  On  a  nearer  approach,  the 
city  and  its  environs  are  seen  to  great  advantage. 
The  river  here  is  about  3  miles  wide,  and  oppo- 
site the  city  lies  the  beautiful  island  of  St.  Hele- 
na, which  is  strongly  fortified  and  garrisoned. 
The  new  wharves  at  which  the  landings  are 
made,  extend  more  than  a  mile  along  the  river. 
They  are  built  of  hammered  stone,  in  the  most 
substantial  manner  and  are  said  to  exceed  any 
thing  of  the  kind  in  America.  The  objects  of 
interest  to  the  traveller  in  and  about  Montreal 
are  too  numerous  to  be  particularized  here,  but 
a  ride  to  the  mountain  in  rear  of  the  city  should 
not  be  dispensed  with  by  any  who  have  the  least 
taste  for  the  picturesque  and  beautiful.  Batw^een 
this  city  and  Quebec,  180  miles  below,  is  a  re- 
gular daily  line  of  steamboats  during  the  contin- 
uance of  the  navigation.  See  table  p.  48,  and  for 
the  tour  through  Kingston  to  Niagara  Falls,  see 
the  same  page. 


'      Vi 


H     .'V 


m    ' 


38 


WM.  HENRY — THREE  RIVERS. 


The  most  important  places  between  Montreal 
and  Quebec  are  William  Henry,  and  Three  Riv- 
ers. 

William  Henry,  or  Sorel  is  45  miles  below 
Montreal,  and  situated  at  the  junction  of  the  out- 
let of  Lake  Champlain  with  the  St.  LawTence, 
or  rather  with  the  upper  end  of  lake  St.  Peters, 
which  is  an  expansion  of  that  river,  25  miles 
Ion  or  and  9  broad.  On  the  way  from  Montreal 
to  Wm.  Henry  are  passed  the  villages  of  Lon- 
gueuil,  Vercheres,  Varennes,  and  several  others. 

Port  St.  Francis  is  the  pricipal  landing  place 
between  Wm.  Henry  and  Three  Rivers.  It  owes 
its  existence  chiefly  to  the  efforts  of  the  British 
American  Land  Company.  Passengers  bound  to 
the  Eastern  Townships  are  landed  here  and  pro- 
ceed up  the  river  St.  Francis  by  stage. 

Three  Rivers,  situated  nearly  midway'between 
Montreal  and  Quebec,  is  the  largest  town  be- 
tween those  cities.  It  lies  at  the  junction  of  the 
river  St.  Maurice  with  the  St.  Lawrence.  In 
the  mouth  of  the  St.  Maurice  are  two  small  is- 
lands, which  divide  the  stream  into  three  parts, 
and  which  appear,  from  the  St.  Lawrence,  like 
the  mouths  of  three  rivers,  and  hence  the  name. 

Richelieu  Rapids  are  half  way  from  Three 
Rivers  to  Quebec.  The  St  Lawrence  is  here 
about  two  miles  wide,  with  a  rocky  shore,  and 
the  rapids  extend  about  9  miles.  Steamboats 
pass  these  rapids  without  difficulty  or  danger,  but 


a 


I 


•■■■  i 


* 


). 


WOLFE  S  COVE — QUEBEC. 


39 


n  Montreal 
Three  Riv- 

n lies  below 
of  the  out- 
Lawrence, 
St^Peters, 
25  miles 
Montreal 
?s  of  Lon- 
ral  others, 
ding  place 
s.  It  owes 
IS  British 
5  bound  to 
and  pro- 

"between 
town  be- 
3n  of  the 
nee.     In 
small  is- 
ee  parts, 
nee,  like 
name, 
n  Three 
is  here 
ore,  and 
amboats 
ger,  but 


i 


1 


other  vessels  can  ascend  them  only  by  taking 
advantage  of  the  tide  or  by  being  towed  up  by 
steamboats. 

Sillery  Cove^  noted  for  the  last  battle  between 
the  English  and  French,  which  completed  the 
conquest  of  Canada  in  1759,  and  Wolffs  Covet 
where  Wolfe  landed  and  drew  his  cannon  up  the 
precipice,  are  passed  just  before  reaching  Quebec 
as  is  also  Cape  Diamond  at  the  base  of  which  the 
gallant  Montgomery  was  killed  on  the  31st  of 
December  1775. 

Quebec  is  on  several  accounts  one  of  the  most 
interesting  places  in  Canada.  It  was  here  the 
first  settlement  was  commenced  by  Champlain 
in  1608.  The  city  is  divided  into  the  Upper  and 
Lower  town,  and  the  St.  Roch,  St.  John,  and 
St.  Lewis  suburbs.  The  lower  town  is  at  the 
foot  of  the  precipice,  upon  the  top  of  which  the 
upper  town  is  built,  and  is  but  little  above  the 
bed  of  the  river.  The  greatest  part  of  the 
ground  upon  which  the  lower  town  is  built  has 
been  gained  by  excavation  from  the  foot  of  the 
precipice,  or  by  building  out  into  the  water. 
This  part  of  the  city  is  crowded  and  dirty,  and 
contains  but  few  good  buildings.  The  ascent 
from  the  lower  to  the  upper  town  is  steep  and 
difficult,  the  latter  being  more  than  200  feet 
above  the  former.  The  upper  town  which  is  nat- 
urally almost  inaccessable,  is  doubtless  more 
strongly  fortified  than  any  other  place  in  Ameri- 


I. 'I  ,:' 


mm 


40 


qUEBEC. 


ca.  The  citadel,  which  is  the  main  work  and 
considered  to  be  impregnable,  includes  five  or  six 
acres,  and  stands  on  the  very  summit  of  Capo 
Diamond.  The  objects  and  places  of  interest  in 
and  about  the  city  are  too  numerous  to  be  partic- 
ularized. The  falls  of  Montmorenci  a  few  miles 
below,  and  the  Plains  of  Abraham  a  little  to  the 
west  of  the  city,  on  which  Wolfe  and  Montcalm 
fell,  deserve  attention.  A  neat  monument  65 
feet  high,  with  suitable  inscriptions,  was  erected 
to  the  memory  of  these  brave  generals  in  1828, 
near  the  spot  where  they  fell.  The  population 
of  Quebec  is  about  30,000. 


I 


m^ 


TABLES. 


41 


Distances  between  Albany  and  Wkilehall^ 


.  liu:t 

I'lOlU 

NAMES  OF  PLACES. 

to 

Fiom 

White- 

Place 

u 

Albany. 

hall. 

Albany,       by  canal. 

0 

73 

West  Troy,     -      «- 

7 

7 

Q^ 

Mechanicsville, 

13 

20 

53 

Schuylerville, 

16 

36 

37 

Fort  Edward, 

13 

49 

24 

Fort  Ann,       -         -         - 

12 

61 

12 

Whitehall,      - 

12 

73 

0 

BY  STAGE. 

Albany,           -         -         . 

0 

0 

72 

Troy,                ... 

6 

6 

66 

Schaghticoke, 

10 

16 

56 

Easton,            ... 

10 

26 

46 

Argyle, 

20 

46 

26 

Granville,       -         -         . 

17 

63 

9 

Whitehall,      - 

9 

72 

0 

BY  RAIL-ROAD   AND  STAGE. 

Albany,  by  rail-road, 

0 

0 

77 

^        ("Schenectady,  16  ")  or. 
o    .      BallstonSpa,  14  5^^ 

^1^  or  Troy,             6) 

30 

30 

47 

Mechanicsv'l,  12V30 

Ballston  Spa,  12) 

Saratoga  Springs, 

7 

37 

40 

Sandy  Hill,  by  stage,      - 

19 

56 

21 

Fort  Ann,              " 

10 

m 

11 

Whitehall,              " 

11 

11 

0 

If 


42 


TABLES. 


:'flT! 


'  i  ■}" 


»,.'! 


Distances  between  Albany  and  Montreal. 


[ 


Albany, 
Whitehall,     - 
Benson,     by  steamboat,  - 
Orwell,  »* 

Ticonderoga,  " 
Shorehaiii,  ** 

Bridport,  ** 

Crown  Pt.  &Chimney  Pt. 
Port  Henry, 
Barber's  Point, 
Westport, 
Basin  Harbor, 
Fort  Cassin, 
Split-Rock, 
Essex  &  Charlotte, 
Burlington,  " 

Fort  Kent.  ** 

Port  Jackson,  " 
Plattsburgh,  " 

Cumberland  Head, 
Chazy,  " 

Rouse's  Point,  " 
Isle-aux-Noix,  " 
St.  Johns,  " 

Laprairie,     by  rail-road, - 
Montreal,     by  steamboat, 


4( 

tc 

(C 


(( 


0 
73 
]3 
7 
4 
2 
9 
6 
2 
9 
2 
4 
3 
3 
4 
U 
30 
9 
6 
3 
13 
9 

12 

13 

15 

9 


73 

0 

13 

20 

24 

26 

35 

41 

43 

52 

54 

58 

61 

64 

68 

82 

92 

101 

107 

110 

123 

J  32 

144 

157 

172 

181 


£  = 

*•> 

-JiA 

23() 

157 

144 

137 

133 

131 

122 

116 

114 

105 

103 

99 

96 

93 

89 

75 

65 

56 

50 

47 

34 

25 

13 

0 

15 

24 


-  c 


0 

73 

86 

93 

97 

99 

108 

114 

116 

125 

127 

131 

134 

137 

141 

155 

16.^ 

174 

180 

183 

\66 

205 

217 

230 

245 

254 


b   O 

254 

181 

168 

161 

157 

155 

146 

140 

138 

429 

]27 

J  23 

120 

117 

113 

99 

89 

80 

74 

71 

58 

49 

37 

24 

9 

0 


' 

TABLES 

■ 

AS 

'real. 

t.                    ^ 

ROUTES    TO    AND    FROM    ALBANY. 

E  >.  513 

Albany  and  Ticonderoga^  via  Lake  Gee 

■ge. 

Place 

From 

From 

From 

NAMES  OF  PLACES. 

t.o 
Place 

Sarato- 

Albany. 

Ticon- 
deroga 

0,J^54 

0 

73  181 

Albany 

37 

0 

104 

86  168 

Saratoga  Springs 

37 

0 

37 

67 

1)3  161 

Fortsville,  by  stage, 

12 

12 

49 

55 

D7  157 

Glens  Falls         " 

6 

18 

55 

49 

1)9  155 

Caldwell  (LakeGeo. 

9 

27 

64 

40 

08  146 

Landing  (N.  end  L. 

36 

63 

100 

4 

14  140 

Ticonderoora  Fort 

4 

67 

104 

0 

16  138 
25;  4  29 
27  127 

•'; 

C3 

Albany  Neio  Yo 

rk  an 

Place 

to 

id  Was 

From 

'Mngto'i 

From 
New 

n. 

From 
Wash. 

31  123 
34  120 

Place 

Albany. 

Y«rk. 

ington. 

37  117 

■ 

Albany,  by  steamboat 

0 

0 

145 

365 

41  113 

\ 

Kinderhook           " 

18 

18 

127 

347 

35    99 

^ 

Hudson                 " 

11 

29 

116 

336 

]^    89 

I 

Catskill                  " 

5 

34 

111 

331 

^4    80 

^ 

Upper  Redhook    " 

11 

45 

100 

320 

^0    74 

Poughkeepsie       " 

26 

71 

74  • 

294 

53    71 

Newburgh             " 

13 

84 

61 

281 

6    58 

West  Point           »• 

9 

93 

52 

272 

5    49 

• 

Tarrytown            " 

25 

118 

27 

247 

7    37 

' 

Yonkers                 " 

10 

128 

17 

237 

0    24             1 

New  York,          " 

17 

145 

0 

220 

5      9             1 

Philadelphia,by  R.R. 

86 

231 

86 

134 

4     0           1 

Baltimore              " 

96 

327 

182 

38 

m 

TTT            1     •                J         ^_                              // 

38 

365 

220 

1      0 

J          1   vvasningion 

44 


TABLES. 


I     < 


f;  ii^; 


,.■  1 


Distances  between  Albany^  Buffalo  and  Detroit, 

BY  CANAL  AND  LAKE. 


Plac 

NAMES   OF  PLACES. 

to 

Pl;,c. 

0 

Albany. 

From 
Buffalo. 

Albany,           .         .         - 

0 

364 

West  Troy, 

7 

7 

357 

Schenectady, 

23 

30 

334 

Amsterdam, 

17 

47 

317 

Fultonville, 

10 

57 

307 

Little  Falls, 

31 

88 

276 

Herkimer,       -         .         - 

7 

95 

269 

Utica,              -         -         - 

15 

110 

254 

Rome,              -         -         - 

15 

125 

239 

Chittenango, 

28 

153 

211 

Manlius,          -         -         - 

9 

162 

202 

Syracuse,        -         -         - 

9 

171 

193 

Montezuma, 

34 

205 

159 

Lyons,             ... 

20 

225 

139 

Palmyra,          -         -         - 

15 

240 

124 

Rocljester,      -        -         - 

29 

269 

95 

Brockport, 

20 

289 

75 

Albion,             -         .         - 

15 

304 

60 

Lockport,        -         -         - 

29 

333 

31 

Tonewanda,   -         -         - 

19 

352 

12 

Buffalo, 

12 

364 

0 

Erie, 

90 

454 

90 

Cleveland,      -         *         - 

104 

558 

194 

Detroit,           -         -         - 

135 

693 

329 

Detroit, 


TABLES. 


45 


Distances  between  Albany  and  Bvffalo. 


From 
Buffalo. 


364 
357 
334 
317 
3U7 
276 
269 
254 
239 
211 
202 
193 
159 
139 
124 
95 
75 
60 
31 
12 
0 
90 
194 
329 


BY    RAIL-ROAD. 


Place 

NAMES  OF  PLACES. 

lo 
IMacc 

0 

From 
Albany. 

From 
Buffalo. 

Albany, 

0 

325 

Schenectady,   - 

16 

16 

309 

Utica, 

77 

93 

232 

Syracuse, 

53 

146 

179 

Auburn, 

26 

172 

153 

Rochester, 

79 

251 

74 

Attica, 

43 

294 

31 

ButFalo, 

31 

325 

0 

Distances  betioeen  Albany  and  Boston, 


BY  RAIL-ROAD. 


Place 

NAMES  OF  PLACES. 

lo 

From 

From 

Place 
0 

Albany . 

Boston. 

Albany, 

0 

200 

West  Stockbridge, 

38 

38 

162 

Pittsfield, 

11 

49 

151 

Springfield, 

53 

102 

98 

Worcester, 
Boston, 

54 

156 

44 

44 

200 

0 

-*.  ^ '. 


46 


TABLES. 


'  i-!'' i 


^-     N 


U     -J 


lit 


Distances  between  Burlington  and  Boston. 


NAMES  OF  PLACES. 


By  way  ofMontpelier,  Concord 

by  stage, 


■i  ■    ■*■ 


Burlington, 
Richmond 
Waterbury 
Montpelier 
Barre 
Chelsea 
Strafford 
Norwich 
Hanover 
Enfield 
Wilmot 
Salisbury 
Concord 
Nashua 
Lowell 
Boston 

By  way  of  Rutland  ^  Keene. 
Burlington 
Charlotte 
Vergennes 
Middlebury 
Brandon 
Rutland 
Bellows  Falls 
Keene 
Boston 


u 
(( 
(( 
11 

tc 
cc 
i( 
(( 
t( 
t( 

railroad, 


Placel     From 
&.C.  Burling. 


by  Stage, 
(( 

C( 
C( 
C( 

cc 
cc 
cc 
cc 


0 
13 
13 
12 

6 
16 
10 

11 
I 

13 
13 
14 
10 
36 
15 
25 

0 
11 
10 
12 
17 
16 
50 
14 
80 


0 

13 

26 

38 

44 

60 

70 

81 

82 

95 

108 

122 

132 

168 

183 

203 

0 

11 

21 

33 

50 

66 

116 

130 

210 


From 
Boston. 


208 

195 

182 

170 

164 

148 

138 

127 

126 

113 

100 

86 

76 

40 

25 

0 

210 

199 

189 

177 

160 

144 

94 

80 

0 


TABLES. 


47 


Distances  between  Burlington  and  Portland. 


3m 

) 

\ 

) 

{ 
) 
) 

1 
I 

* 

) 

) 
J 

1 

From 
Boston. 

208 

195 

182  ' 

170 

164 

148 

138 

127 

126 

113 

100 

86 

76 

40 

25 
0 

210 
199 
189 
177 
160 
144 

94 

80 
0 

NAMES  OF  PLACES. 

Place 
to  PI 

0 

From 
Burling. 

Portland 

Burl  incr  ton 

0 

214 

Montp«?lier 

38 

38 

176 

Danville 

28 

66 

148 

Littleton 

22 

88 

126 

Notch 

18 

106 

108 

Conway     . 

28 

134 

80 

Portland    . 

.    '  80 

214 

0 

Distances  from 

Burling- 

Burlington  to  Stansteadj 

ton  to  Montreal 

,  by  stage. 

and  Sherbooke, 

Burlington,  to 

via  Irasburgh. 

Milton 

13  13 

Burlington  to 

St.  Albans 

13  26 

Johnson 

37    37 

High  gate 

9  35 

Craftsbury 

24    61 

Phillipsburgh 

9  44 

Irasburgh 

12    73 

St.  Johns 

24  68 

Stanstead 

15    88 

Montreal 

23  91 

Hatley 

15  103 

Sherbrooke 

17  120 

From  Burlington  to  Stan- 
steady  Canada  East. 

via  Montpeh 
Montpelier 

icr. 
38  38 

Burlington  to 

Hardwick 

25  63 

Cnmbridge 

25 

Barton 

15  78 

Johnson 

12  37 

Stanstead 

20  98 

Troy 

26  63 

Hatley 

15  113 

St  an  stead 

20  83 

Sherbrooke, 

17  130 

Ml 


u 


I 


I'll 


lid! 


48 


TABLES. 


Distances  between  Montreal  and  Quebec. 

PJace 

NAMES  OF  PLACES. 

to 
PJace 

0 

From 
Montr'J. 

From 
Quebec. 

Montreal,  by  steamboat, 

0 

180 

Varennes,               ** 

15 

15 

165 

William  Henn       " 

30 

45 

135 

Port  St.  Francis,   " 

38 

83 

97 

Three  Rivers,        " 

7 

90 

90 

St.  Anne,                " 

25 

115 

65 

Richelieu  Rapids,  " 

20 

135 

45 

Cape  Sante,            " 

15 

150 

30 

Cape  Rouge,          " 

22 

172 

8 

Quebec,                   •' 

8 

180 

0 

Distances  h'     ^en  Montreal 

4*  Niagara 

Falls, 

Place 

From 

From 

NAMES   ^i    rLACES. 

0 

Montr'l. 

Nig.F. 

Montreal,        -         .         - 

0 

412 

Lacliine,  by  stage. 

9 

9 

433 

Cascades,  by  steamboat. 

24 

33 

409 

Coteau  du  Lac,  by  stage, 

16 

49 

393 

Cornwall,  by  steamboat. 

41 

90 

352 

Dickinson's  landing,  canal, 

12 

102 

340 

Prescott,  &c.  by  steamboat, 

38 

140 

302 

Brockville,    "         -         - 

12 

152 

290 

Kingston,      "         -         - 

60 

212 

230 

Cobourg,        "         -         - 

110 

322 

120 

Toronto,         « 

70 

392 

50 

Niagara  Falls,  by  steam, &c 

50 

442 

0 

Am 


\\  :    Jlf'^''! 


Que 

bee. 

From 

From 

ontr'J. 

Quebec. 

0 

180 

15 

165 

45 

135 

83 

97 

90 

90 

15 

65 

35 

45 

50 

30 

72 

8 

80 

0 

"fara 

Falls. 

"rom 

From 

>ntr'J. 

Nig.F. 

0 

412 

9 

433 

33 

409 

i9 

393 

)0 

352 

)2 

340 

10 

302 

)2 

290 

2 

230 

12 

120 

}2 

50 

12 

0 

